HOSA Dental Terminology Practice 2025 - Free Dental Terminology Practice Questions and Study Guide

The parathyroid gland primarily regulates calcium metabolism in the body, making this choice the correct one. This gland, which is typically composed of four small glands located behind the thyroid, secretes parathyroid hormone (PTH). PTH plays a crucial role in maintaining the balance of calcium levels in the blood by influencing various bodily processes.

When calcium levels in the blood fall too low, the parathyroid glands release PTH, which triggers the release of calcium from bones, increases calcium absorption in the intestines, and enhances the reabsorption of calcium in the kidneys. This action is essential for many biological functions, including nerve transmission and muscle contraction.

Understanding the role of the parathyroid gland helps in recognizing how calcium balance is pivotal for overall health, which also distinguishes it from other physiological processes such as blood pressure regulation, heartbeat rhythm, or food digestion.