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Which of the following statements about basal cells is true?
They are the most superficial layer of skin
They are the deepest layer, cube-shaped, attached to the basal lamina
They are primarily involved in nerve signal transmission
They only exist in the respiratory system
The correct answer is: They are the deepest layer, cube-shaped, attached to the basal lamina
Basal cells play a crucial role in the structure and function of the epidermis, especially in the context of skin tissues. The defining characteristic of basal cells is that they are the deepest layer of the epidermis. This layer, known as the stratum basale, is primarily composed of cuboidal or columnar cells that are anchored to the basal lamina, which separates the epidermis from the underlying dermis. In this layer, basal cells are responsible for the continuous regeneration of the skin. They undergo mitosis, producing new cells that migrate upwards, eventually differentiating into keratinocytes, which make up the outer layers of skin. This process is vital for skin health and repair, particularly in response to injury or wear. The other statements present inaccurate information regarding the function and location of basal cells. The notion that basal cells are the most superficial layer misrepresents their actual position within the skin structure. Regarding nerve signal transmission, basal cells are not specialized for this function; they are primarily focused on the production of new skin cells. Lastly, the claim that basal cells exist only in the respiratory system is misleading, as they are prominent in the epidermis of the skin as well. Hence, the correct understanding is that basal cells are